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Add it to a method and it will cache the return value of a function. If you aren't familiar with lru_cache it is a decorator found in the functools module in the standard library. Perhaps not surprising given that lru_cache is literally designed to speed up your code, but is fast. The following gist demonstrates the technique. In Textual this is used to get the modified regions of the screen when a CSS property changes, so we can make optimized updates. Precisely what I needed, but done at the C level. I discovered that I could take the symmetric difference of two ItemsView objects, which gave me the items which were either a) new, or b) had changed. I wanted to avoid that by comparing the before and after render map. In an earlier version, Textual would do a wasteful refresh of the entire screen if even a single widget changed position. Basically a mapping of the Widget on to it's location on the screen.
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In Textual the layout process creates a "render map".
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A fact recovered from my swiss cheese brain after I needlessly wrote a dozen or so complex lines of code You may not know that these objects have much the same interfaces as sets. You are probably familiar with the keys() and items() methods on Python dicts which return a KeysView and ItemsView respectively. All animations lie somewhere between helpful and gratuitous, and I doubt there will be many people who want no animation at all. Smooth scrolling is an animation which I find particularly helpful in keeping my place within a wall of text. Other types of animation are more than eye-candy. Animation haters will probably cite that as a "do not want", which is why Textual will have a mechanism to disable such animations. I think it's nifty, but it doesn't add anything to the user experience. For instance the sidebar in the screencast that slides in from the left of the screen. Some animation can be seen as gratuitous. Now that you can have smooth animation in the terminal, the question becomes should you? Not all animation is perceived in the same way. Any more than that probably isn't going to be noticeable. With these three tricks in place you can create very smooth animation as long as you can deliver updates at regular intervals. It can then use this information to deliver flicker free updates. Details in the link, but the gist is that you tell the terminal when you begin and end a frame. The third trick would be to use the Synchronized Output protocol a relatively new addition to the terminal protocol, but already supported by many terminals.
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It may be convenient to make multiple file.write calls to display an update, but as with the blank frame you risk a partial update becoming visible. The second trick would be to write new content in a single write to standard output. It's far better to overwrite the content in the terminal entirely so that there is no intermediate blank frame. If you clear the "screen" and then add new content, you risk seeing a blank or partially blank frame for a brief moment. The first trick is "overwrite, don't clear". Even on older terminals, you can generally get flicker-free animation with this one little trick (actually three). Although in my experience there are other factors which have a greater impact on reducing flicker than your choice of emulator. Modern terminals use hardware-accelerated rendering and will synchronize updates with your display to reduce flicker. The first is the terminal emulator that you are using. There are a few factors which reduce flicker in the terminal.